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Clinical Studies

  1. Bishop B et al. 2011. Effects of Biofreeze vs. ice on acute, non-complicated neck pain (Abstract) Clinical Chiropractic 14(4):153-54
  2. Brosky JA et al. 2012. Effect of 3.5% menthol gel on knee pain and functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis (Abstract) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 42(1):A106-7
  3. Johar et al. 2012. A comparison of topical menthol to ice on pain, evoked tetanic and voluntary force during delayed onset muscle soreness. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 7(3):314-22.
  4. Olive JL et al. 2010. Vascular conductance is reduced after menthol or cold application Clin J Sport Med 20(5):372-6.
  5. Topp R et al. 2011. Comparison of the effects of ice and 3.5% menthol gel on blood flow and muscle strength of the lower arm J Sport Rehabil 20:355-366
  6. Topp R et al. 2011. Effect of topical menthol on ipsilateral and contralateral superficial blood flow following a bout of maximum voluntary muscle contraction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 6(2):83-91
  7. Topp R, et al. 2009. A comparison of Biofreeze and ice on blood flow, pain and muscle function (Abstract). Proceedings of the 11th Annual TRAC Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. July 25-27, 2009, p. 4.
  8. Topp R, et al. 2013. The Effect of Either Topical Menthol or a Placebo on Functioning and Knee Pain Among Patients With Knee OA J Geriatric Phys Ther 36(2):92-9.
  9. Topp R, et al. 2013. Topical menthol, ice, peripheral blood flow, and perceived discomfort J Athletic Train 48(2):220-225
  10. Zhang J et al. 2008. Effects of Biofreeze and chiropractic adjustments on acute low back pain: a pilot study J Chiropractic Med 7:59-65
  11. American College of Rheumatology 2000. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 43(9):1905-1915
  12. Andersen LL 2012. Effect of Thera-Band, massage-roller and Biofreeze on muscle pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 14
  13. Benkaci D 2005. Evaluation of the effect of Biofreeze® on cutaneous temperature Unpublished manuscript. UCB Pharma Group, France.
  14. Bishop B et al. 2007. Low Tech Rehab of High Level Athletes Proceedings of the 9th Annual TRAC Meeting. Budapest, Hungary. p. 6-8
  15. Bishop B et al. 2012. The Effect of Biofreeze® on Post Manipulation Soreness in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 10-11
  16. Bishop B, et al. 2009. Effects of Biofreeze vs. Ice on Acute, Non-Complicated Neck Pain (Abstract). Proceedings of the 11th Annual TRAC Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. July 25-27, 2009, p. 20.
  17. Bond B 2012. Central Effects of Menthol-Based Topical Analgesics on Neuropathic Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 12
  18. Rogers ME et al. 2016. Lasting effects of Biofreeze on pain relief in sedentary young men and women with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Abstract). J Performance Health 1(1):65
  19. Field T 2011. Hand pain is reduced by massage therapy plus Biofreeze® Topical Analgesic Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 32
  20. Galeotti et al. 2002. Menthol: a natural analgesic compound. Neurosci Lett. 322(3):145-8.
  21. Greenstein J, et al. 2012. Evaluation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs. Biofreeze® in the Treatment of Back Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 8-9
  22. Greenstein J, et al. 2012. The Effect of Biofreeze® on Home Exercise Compliance, Pain and Disability in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 7.
  23. Greenstein, J et al. 2011. Evaluation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs. Biofreeze® in the Treatment of Back Pain Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 30-31
  24. Hawkins WC, et al. 2012. Effect of topical menthol gel on power output during 30-second high intensity anaerobic exercise. (Abstract) American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, June 1, 2012.
  25. Hollis B et al. 2007. Effects of Menthol on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow (Abstract) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(5):S20.
  26. Huffman DH et al 2008. A Menthol Counterirritant Does Not Facilitate The Quadriceps Motoneuron Pool In Healthy Subjects (Abstract). J Athl Train 4:3(S-55)
  27. Hyde T et al. 2012. The Effects of a Home-Care Exercise Kit on Pain and Disability for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 13
  28. Page P 2007. Current Concepts in Menthol-based Topical Analgesics for Pain Relief (Abstract) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(5):S368
  29. Rogers M, et al. 2011. Effect of Biofreeze® gel on power output and blood lactate during a 30-second bout of high-intensity anaerobic exercise Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 28
  30. Thompson D 2010. Massage therapy, functional taping and topical analgesics: a combined therapeutic approach to improving chronic low back pain; a feasibility survey Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 23.
  31. Topp et al. 2007. Effects of Menthol on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Proceedings of the 9th Annual TRAC Meeting. Budapest, Hungary p. 21-22
  32. Topp R et al. 2012. A comparison of two formulations of Biofreeze on blood flow and vascular responses to exercise Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 6.
  33. Topp R et al. 2010. The Effects of Combined Topical Menthol and Ice on Distal Blood Flow Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 4.
  34. Topp R et al. 2010. The Effects of Dose and Application of Menthol on Local and Systemic Strength and Blood Flow Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 3.
  35. Topp, R et al. 2011. The effect of 3.5 % menthol gel on knee pain and functioning among patients with knee osteoarthritis Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 29
  36. Tyler T, Bishop B 2010. The Effects of Biofreeze® on Self Discharge Rates: A Multi-Center Pilot Study Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 10.
  37. Wasner G et al. 2004. Topical menthol–a human model for cold pain by activation and sensitization of C nociceptors Brain 127(Pt 5):1159-71
  38. Field T, et al. 2014. Massage therapy plus topical analgesic is more effective than massage alone for hand arthritis pain. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies 18:322-325
  39. Acute Effect of Topical Menthol on Chronic Pain in Slaughterhouse Workers with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Triple-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Rehabilitation Research and Practice Volume 2014, Article ID 310913, 7 pages
  40. Page P. and Alexander L. 2017. The Clinical Effectiveness of Biofreeze® Topical Analgesic on Muscoloskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review. Journal of Performance Health Research 1(1):1-10.

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