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Clinical Studies
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Bishop B et al. 2011. Effects of Biofreeze vs. ice on acute, non-complicated neck pain (Abstract) Clinical Chiropractic 14(4):153-54
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Brosky JA et al. 2012. Effect of 3.5% menthol gel on knee pain and functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis (Abstract) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 42(1):A106-7
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Johar et al. 2012. A comparison of topical menthol to ice on pain, evoked tetanic and voluntary force during delayed onset muscle soreness. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 7(3):314-22.
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Olive JL et al. 2010. Vascular conductance is reduced after menthol or cold application Clin J Sport Med 20(5):372-6.
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Topp R et al. 2011. Comparison of the effects of ice and 3.5% menthol gel on blood flow and muscle strength of the lower arm J Sport Rehabil 20:355-366
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Topp R et al. 2011. Effect of topical menthol on ipsilateral and contralateral superficial blood flow following a bout of maximum voluntary muscle contraction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 6(2):83-91
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Topp R, et al. 2009. A comparison of Biofreeze and ice on blood flow, pain and muscle function (Abstract). Proceedings of the 11th Annual TRAC Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. July 25-27, 2009, p. 4.
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Topp R, et al. 2013. The Effect of Either Topical Menthol or a Placebo on Functioning and Knee Pain Among Patients With Knee OA J Geriatric Phys Ther 36(2):92-9.
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Topp R, et al. 2013. Topical menthol, ice, peripheral blood flow, and perceived discomfort J Athletic Train 48(2):220-225
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Zhang J et al. 2008. Effects of Biofreeze and chiropractic adjustments on acute low back pain: a pilot study J Chiropractic Med 7:59-65
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American College of Rheumatology 2000. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 43(9):1905-1915
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Andersen LL 2012. Effect of Thera-Band, massage-roller and Biofreeze on muscle pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 14
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Benkaci D 2005. Evaluation of the effect of Biofreeze® on cutaneous temperature Unpublished manuscript. UCB Pharma Group, France.
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Bishop B et al. 2007. Low Tech Rehab of High Level Athletes Proceedings of the 9th Annual TRAC Meeting. Budapest, Hungary. p. 6-8
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Bishop B et al. 2012. The Effect of Biofreeze® on Post Manipulation Soreness in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 10-11
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Bishop B, et al. 2009. Effects of Biofreeze vs. Ice on Acute, Non-Complicated Neck Pain (Abstract). Proceedings of the 11th Annual TRAC Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. July 25-27, 2009, p. 20.
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Bond B 2012. Central Effects of Menthol-Based Topical Analgesics on Neuropathic Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 12
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Rogers ME et al. 2016. Lasting effects of Biofreeze on pain relief in sedentary young men and women with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Abstract). J Performance Health 1(1):65
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Field T 2011. Hand pain is reduced by massage therapy plus Biofreeze® Topical Analgesic Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 32
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Galeotti et al. 2002. Menthol: a natural analgesic compound. Neurosci Lett. 322(3):145-8.
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Greenstein J, et al. 2012. Evaluation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs. Biofreeze® in the Treatment of Back Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 8-9
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Greenstein J, et al. 2012. The Effect of Biofreeze® on Home Exercise Compliance, Pain and Disability in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 7.
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Greenstein, J et al. 2011. Evaluation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs. Biofreeze® in the Treatment of Back Pain Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 30-31
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Hawkins WC, et al. 2012. Effect of topical menthol gel on power output during 30-second high intensity anaerobic exercise. (Abstract) American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, June 1, 2012.
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Hollis B et al. 2007. Effects of Menthol on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow (Abstract) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(5):S20.
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Huffman DH et al 2008. A Menthol Counterirritant Does Not Facilitate The Quadriceps Motoneuron Pool In Healthy Subjects (Abstract). J Athl Train 4:3(S-55)
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Hyde T et al. 2012. The Effects of a Home-Care Exercise Kit on Pain and Disability for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 13
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Page P 2007. Current Concepts in Menthol-based Topical Analgesics for Pain Relief (Abstract) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(5):S368
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Rogers M, et al. 2011. Effect of Biofreeze® gel on power output and blood lactate during a 30-second bout of high-intensity anaerobic exercise Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 28
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Thompson D 2010. Massage therapy, functional taping and topical analgesics: a combined therapeutic approach to improving chronic low back pain; a feasibility survey Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 23.
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Topp et al. 2007. Effects of Menthol on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Proceedings of the 9th Annual TRAC Meeting. Budapest, Hungary p. 21-22
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Topp R et al. 2012. A comparison of two formulations of Biofreeze on blood flow and vascular responses to exercise Proceedings of the 14th Annual TRAC Meeting St. Johns, Newfoundland. Page 6.
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Topp R et al. 2010. The Effects of Combined Topical Menthol and Ice on Distal Blood Flow Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 4.
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Topp R et al. 2010. The Effects of Dose and Application of Menthol on Local and Systemic Strength and Blood Flow Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 3.
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Topp, R et al. 2011. The effect of 3.5 % menthol gel on knee pain and functioning among patients with knee osteoarthritis Proceedings of the 13th annual TRAC Meeting. July 22-24, 2011. San Francisco. Page 29
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Tyler T, Bishop B 2010. The Effects of Biofreeze® on Self Discharge Rates: A Multi-Center Pilot Study Proceedings of the 12th Annual Thera-Band® Research Advisory Committee July 19-21, 2010. Athens, Greece. p 10.
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Wasner G et al. 2004. Topical menthol–a human model for cold pain by activation and sensitization of C nociceptors Brain 127(Pt 5):1159-71
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Field T, et al. 2014. Massage therapy plus topical analgesic is more effective than massage alone for hand arthritis pain. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies 18:322-325
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Acute Effect of Topical Menthol on Chronic Pain in Slaughterhouse Workers with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Triple-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Rehabilitation Research and Practice Volume 2014, Article ID 310913, 7 pages
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Page P. and Alexander L. 2017. The Clinical Effectiveness of Biofreeze® Topical Analgesic on Muscoloskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review. Journal of Performance Health Research 1(1):1-10.